Thursday, August 27, 2020

Describe Plato Allegory of the Cave Essay Example for Free

Depict Plato Allegory of the Cave Essay Depict Plato moral story of the cavern (25 imprints) Platoâ is one of the most significant Greek scholars and an understudy of Socrates. He established the Academy in Athens, an organization dedicated to research and guidance in theory and technical disciplines. His deals with theory, governmental issues and arithmetic which were exceptionally compelling. The mind boggling implications that can be seen from the Cave can be found initially with the nearness of the detainees who are affixed in the obscurity of the cavern. The detainees are bound to the floor and unfit to blow some people's minds to perceive what goes on behind them. To the rear of the detainees, lie the puppeteers who are throwing the shadows on the divider, which the detainees are seeing as the real world. In the start of the Allegory of the Cave Plato speaks to man’s condition as being â€Å"chained in a cave,† in Plato’s purposeful anecdote the detainees are affixed in a cavern, incapable to knock some people's socks off. Everything they can see is the mass of the cavern. Behind them consumes a fire all the detainees see and hear are shadows and echoes cast by objects that they don't see. In platos moral story Plato accepts the cavern is the world the whole human race are detainees of the world similarly the cavern speaks to the furthest reaches of their universe or information The cavern additionally speaks to misconception and interruption, correspondingly Plato accepts our body is a cavern and inside the body is the spirit ,and the spirit is caught inside the body where humankind lost all that we required in the realm of structures which was the genuine information when we bite the dust the spirit is discharged from our body. Another translation is the point at which the detainees are caught inside the cavern the detainees speak to humankind ,who don’t realize what the truth is, on the grounds that they think the truth is exactly what they can see (the shadows) which is truly not reality at all it is minor portrayal of reality The detainees represent those of a reasonable world reluctant to see or face reality. In their obliviousness the detainees shroud away in the cavern, uninformed of the otherworldly world These detainees can't move since they are controlled by chains. The main thing that they can see is a wall To the detainees the fact of the matter is just the divider and its shadows. The detainees know nothing outside of the shadows at one point one of the detainees are discharged he begins to see the objects of physical reality The discharged detainee is an individual gone up against with the chance of edification who first observes reality (the sun in the moral story) and is blinded by it. Another moral story in Platos story is The chains which keep humankind away from their own understanding these detainees can't move since they are controlled by chains the chains can be deciphered as a Fear of disappointment orâ postponing something which are instances of the chains that keep down every person from their maximum capacity. In the moral story these chains shield the detainees from getting away and finding reality that is the outside world. The chains that limit the detainees, while genuine to the detainees in the cavern, are not any more genuine than the shadows are. Another understanding found in the purposeful anecdote the cavern is extremely dull on the grounds that there is minimal light inside it and articles are barely observed, The daylight toward the finish of the way, would be explicitly the type of good the moral story could likewise be about strict edification, the Sun speaking to the light of the great, the Godly other world which the liberated detainee has outperformed to and was currently ready to see. The detainee who was edified to religion is quickly discharged from the numbness and obscurity of mankind the sun is a type of good, illuminated truth and the got away from detainee who requires the information and is obliged to come back to the individuals in chains and edify them on what has been seen . Improve answer In the external world there is light and everything is clear and obvious the detainee discharged from the surrender to the external world gradually and steadily starts to recognize everything and becomes to understand that the external world is the genuine and the cavern is the incredible world in like manner additionally Knowledge, training, and spiritualâ enlightenment all represent the light. In Allegory of the Cave, light most regularly reflects disclosure when detainees, humankind, leave â€Å"the cave†. (unbelievable world) the dimness in the cavern emblematically speaks to the universe of numbness The shadows are reproductions or duplicates of the real world. The echoes speak to things inâ lifeâ that have been mutilated after some time because of tattle, impressions, and bits of gossip  These shadows or lessons where blinding the detainee from considering outside what was set before them similarly the detainees decipher the shadows on the divider as being genuine who see reflections however rather are simply poor shadows of pictures of things that exist in the outside world for instance a tree is a poor impression of a genuine articles that exists. Most importantly Because of how we live, genuine the truth isn't evident to the greater part of us. In any case, we botch what we see and hear for the real world and truth his is the fundamental reason for Platos Allegory of the Cave, in which detainees sit in a cavern, anchored, watching pictures cast on the divider before them. They acknowledge these perspectives as the real world and they can't get a handle on their general circumstance: the cavern and pictures are a stunt a negligible shadow introduced to the detainees.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

New ACT Essay Samples - The Best Place to Get New ACT Essay Samples For Students

New ACT Essay Samples - The Best Place to Get New ACT Essay Samples For StudentsThere are many websites which offer new Act essay samples for students to use. If you are taking the ACT for the first time, this will be an invaluable resource in helping you to develop your essay. If you do not know what an ACT essay is or how to write one, a website that offers a sample is just what you need.There are many different kinds of essays that you can write. Some are class work and some are essay-type tasks. Each one will have a different structure. If you take some time to research the kind of essays that you need to write on your ACT exam, it will be easier for you to be prepared and become more comfortable with the exam.Students who have never taken the ACT before are often confused by the format. For example, some student may think that they have to write an essay about a single topic. However, you can choose to write the entire essay on the same topic. It is up to you to make the decisio n of where you want to write the essay.Another benefit to finding a new act essay sample is that you will be able to see some sample essays that are similar to ones that you will be required to write. A site that offers this type of content can help you develop the skills that you need to write the ACT essay you need to be successful. It is also a good idea to take time to compare your essay with others.Take time to see how different types of essay writing are used on the test. Try to notice the subject matter that is common to all essays. Compare it to how each type of essay is written. By looking at examples, you will be able to learn more about how you should write your own essay.College is a long time coming and this is one of the best ways to show how much you care about your studies. If you are not currently taking the ACT, you should consider using this method as well. The ACT exam is one of the most difficult ones to prepare for. It will be easier for you to pass if you can write an ACT essay in the past tense.By using a new act essay samples, you will be able to see exactly what the ACT is looking for. This will give you a better understanding of what you should write and how to write it. In addition, having some examples of other people's ACT essays will help you see what different kinds of questions may appear on the test.Finally, remember that the ACT is one of the toughest tests in the world. It is important that you spend the necessary time to be prepared for this exam. With practice, you will be able to take the ACT for the first time and become one of the students who passed.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Employee Engagement and Organizational Commitment Journal of Managem

Question: Depict about the Employee Engagement and Organizational Commitment for diary of the board? Answer: Presentation Prologue to the Study The point of this examination is to investigate the connection between levels of worker commitment and authoritative responsibility. It ought to be noticed that the degree of hierarchical responsibility straightforwardly thinks about the authoritative advantages and execution. The examination expects to address the components that influence hierarchical responsibility of workers. Foundation and Significance of the Study The purpose behind picking this theme as research is to examine the components that influence the business related results. The investigation can be utilized to improve the exercises of an association to improve representative perspectives, qualities and practices. Research Questions The fundamental research question for this paper is recognized as- How the executives conduct influences worker commitment and authoritative duty levels? There are other auxiliary inquiries that are replied in the report- What are the predecessors of hierarchical responsibility? Whatever degree the administration practices influence representative commitment and authoritative duty? Research Hypothesis Speculation 1-There is a positive connection between worker commitment promotion hierarchical duties. Theory 2-There is a positive connection between work fulfillment and authoritative responsibility. Theory 3-There is a positive connection between representative commitment and authoritative achievement. Research Aims and Objectives To distinguish the variables influencing worker practices To explore connection between work execution, worker commitment and authoritative responsibility. To consider the significance of inspirational factors in the association. Issue Statement The low-execution guidelines of certain associations are identified with low fulfillment levels of representatives. The spirit of representative decreases if their mentality and conduct are not moving a positive way. Meaning of Terms Worker Engagement Worker commitment is the connection between an association and its representatives. It is the enthusiastic duty of a worker towards the hierarchical objectives (Kruse, 2012). Authoritative Commitment Authoritative duty is the mental connection of a representative towards the association. It is an inclination of obligation towards achieving the strategic the association (Leviatan, 2013). Employment Satisfaction Worker fulfillment or occupation fulfillment is characterized as the fulfillment level of representatives towards the various aspects of his activity (Hlsheger, Alberts, Feinholdt Lang, 2013). Writing Review Authoritative responsibility, representative conduct and employment fulfillment are connected terms. These ideas are upheld up by various speculations clarified as under. Authoritative Citizenship Behavior Authoritative Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is the conduct of representatives showed in an association. The conduct typically includes chipping in, helping other people, fulfilling time constraints and developing. These practices are spoken to by five components of OCB-benevolence, sportsmanship, good faith, kindness and municipal goodness (Salehzadeh, Shahin, Kazemi Shaemi Barzoki, 2015). In basic words, philanthropy implies being useful. It alludes to a representative helping different workers of the association in their errands. Reliability alludes to obeying rules, guidelines, being dependable and suggesting an exceptionally mindful nature. Sportsmanship alludes to the eagerness of enduring challenges in the working environment effortlessly and without gripes. Kindness alludes to the signals that are shown by decreasing issues and reduce its belongings later on. The fundamental thought of civility rotates around maintaining a strategic distance from activities that make representati ves work more earnestly pointlessly. City ethicalness alludes to the productive inclusion in the political procedure of the association (Chiang Hsieh, 2012). ABC Model of Attitude Mentality is the sentiments, feelings or convictions of a person. It is the mental propensity of a representative that identifies with work fulfillment, authoritative responsibility or commitment. Mentality influences singular conduct. There are three parts of demeanor: Affective, Behavioral and Cognitive segment. The full of feeling part includes the sentiments or feelings of workers towards the association. It is identified with the quick reaction of a worker towards a specific circumstance or occasion. The conduct or conative part is the disposition that is affected by or feelings or sentiments. It is the impression of the sentiments or convictions towards a circumstance. The psychological segment alludes to the information or convictions of the representative towards the circumstance or occasion. The activities are for the most part guided by subjective segment (Nelson Quick, 2013). Commitment Drivers Each association has different highlights or drivers that lead to hierarchical achievement. These drivers interface all representatives and help in commitment for a sound corporate culture. A couple of them are clarified (Tims, Bakker, Derks van Rhenen, 2013). Trust, decency and regard among supervisors, representatives and accomplices drive the association. Inward and outer correspondence designs shows better business results (Lipman, 2012). The authoritative structure encouraging venture the board and collaboration considers the hierarchical achievement. The representative needs to concentrate on consumer loyalty. The conduct of pioneers and the executives influences the resolve of workers. The prize and acknowledgment framework for overseeing execution in the association additionally influences the hierarchical achievement. The quality and parity of work-life for chiefs and representatives additionally influence the work execution results (Bedarkar Pandita, 2014). Inspiration Inspiration is a wellspring of invigorating, keeping up and controlling conduct of workers in an association. Inspiration assumes a significant job as it helps in catching the workers drive for performing better (Kuvaas, Buch, Gagne Dysvik, 2015). Inspiration enables the representatives in taking a gander at a superior method to finish the errand, to be quality situated and work with higher productivity. Inspiration can be in type of financial advantages, for example, increment in essential compensation, motivating forces, investment opportunities and rewards. Inspiration can likewise be as non-money advantages, for example, evaluation, acknowledgment and grants. The inspiring components straightforwardly identify with necessities, feelings and comprehension (Robbins Judge, 2011). Research Methodology and Analysis Strategy Outline The strategy followed to direct research includes examining and dissecting information from auxiliary sources. The theoretical speculations made is dissected in the examination. The exploration gives a thought for depicting general market qualities. Research Approach An enlightening methodology is utilized for directing the examination. The graphic research approach helped in giving precise depiction to testing theories. It likewise goes about as a reason for dynamic. Be that as it may, the spellbinding methodology couldn't set up easygoing connections (Kaliannan Adjovu, 2015). Research Design For optional information, three distributed diaries are chosen. The three diaries separately legitimize the three theories of research. A cross-sectional plan is followed for leading exploration in which the data gathered was from an enormous delegate test. It permits looking at changed factors simultaneously (Kaliannan Adjovu, 2015). Information Collection Process The information is gathered from essential and optional sources. Essential information was gathered through top to bottom meetings that helped in picking up bits of knowledge, sentiments and convictions of members. The optional information was gathered from distributed diaries. The scholastic diary broadens the extent of research with subjective just as quantitative information (Kaliannan Adjovu, 2015). Inspecting Method and Size For essential information, the example size is picked to be 25 respondents. Inside and out meeting was directed for securing subjective information. For testing the primary speculations, the populace is chosen as forefront workers at Jordan for the financial segment. Surveys were regulated for an example size of 336 members, out of which 322 members reacted (Albdour Altarawneh, 2014). For testing the subsequent theories, overview surveys were created. An example size of 950 individuals at college medical clinics in Isfahan city was chosen, out of 814 individuals reacted (Mosadeghrad Ferdosi, 2013). For the third speculations, a contextual investigation of the Mobile Telecommunication Network, Ghana was chosen. 137 individuals reacted for completing a quantitative examination (Kaliannan Adjovu, 2015). Moral Consideration The respondents for essential information assortment through inside and out meetings were not constrained into cooperation. Privacy of names and contact subtleties are kept up all through the examination procedure and investigation. Confinements of the investigation The primary impediment was less accessibility of time. The time limitation restricted the essential information examine procedure and significant spotlight is laid on optional information. The optional information has a danger of predispositions and inadequacy. Certain difficulty was additionally looked for encoding the composed archives as it needs normalization. Results and Analysis The profile of respondents from essential information is appeared in Table 1. Tally Rate Association A 10 40% B 8 32% C 7 28% Age 30 or more youthful 18 72% 31-50 5 20% 51 or more seasoned 2 8% Occupation Position Representative 22 88% Chief 3 12% Table 1: Profile of Respondents for Primary Research According to the information gathered through inside and out meeting, subjective information was acquired. I searched for four straightforward replies answers planned to commitment, for example, I am pleased to work at organization X; I am very fulfilled to work at Company X; I would recomme

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Italian Vowels - Pronunciation Examples

Italian vowels ( le vocali a i u e o The approximate English equivalents are as follows: a is like a in the English word ah! Italian / Englishcasa  Ã‚  houseantipasto  Ã‚  appetizerama  Ã‚  lovesbanana  Ã‚  bananasala  Ã‚  hallPapa  Ã‚  Popefama  Ã‚  famepasta  Ã‚  pasta; dough; pastry e is sometimes like e in the English word they (without the final i glide). Italian / Englishe  Ã‚  andbeve  Ã‚  drinksme  Ã‚  mefede  Ã‚  faithvede  Ã‚  seesmele  Ã‚  applessete  Ã‚  thirstpepe  Ã‚  pepper e is sometimes like e in the word met. This is the open e. Italian / Englishà ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  islento  Ã‚  slowbene  Ã‚  wellfesta  Ã‚  party; holidaysedia  Ã‚  chairpresto  Ã‚  soonvento  Ã‚  windtà ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  tea i is like i in machine. Italian / Englishlibri  Ã‚  booksbimbi  Ã‚  childrenvini  Ã‚  winesviolini  Ã‚  violinstini  Ã‚  vatspini  Ã‚  pines o is sometimes like o in the English word oh!. Italian / Englisho  Ã‚  ordono  Ã‚  giftnome  Ã‚  namesolo  Ã‚  aloneposto  Ã‚  placetondo  Ã‚  roundvolo  Ã‚  flightmondo  Ã‚  world o is sometimes like o in or. This is the open o. Italian / Englishmoda  Ã‚  fashiontoga  Ã‚  togano  Ã‚  nooro  Ã‚  goldposta  Ã‚  mailbrodo  Ã‚  brothcosa  Ã‚  thingtrono  Ã‚  thronerosa  Ã‚  roseolio  Ã‚  oil u is like u in rule. Italian / Englishluna  Ã‚  moonfungo  Ã‚  mushroomuno  Ã‚  onelungo  Ã‚  longfuga  Ã‚  fuguemulo  Ã‚  muleuso  Ã‚  usetubo  Ã‚  tube

Friday, May 15, 2020

The Impact Of Tax Havens On The Economy Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3587 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The offshore economy is a consequence of the globalization. Its emergence is known as a new economic environment where tax and regulations are relatively lax. As countries are getting closer and borders are blurred, the flow in and out of capital and money, mostly as Foreign Direct Investment, has caused critical changes to the contemporary economy. This essay will examine the impact of the tax havens, which are one of the most important aspects of the offshore economy (beside Offshore finance, Export processing Zones and E- Commerce) including their evolution, the successes and failures in their operation and their impact upon the global economy. Haven is defined as a place of sanctuary, a place of safety and thus implies that it is an area within which someone or something is protected from an enemy. For many in business the enemy is government taxes, which have a direct impact on profits and the financial structures of a business. Thus, tax havens are a geog raphical area within which a business can find sanctuary from taxes or enjoy lower levels of taxation than in other parts of the world. Because of the attraction to investors of lower taxes the areas become somewhere that can offer a competitive environment to attract investment away from other countries and into their own. This is spread across both personal and corporate tax environments. However, it should be noted that tax havens are designed for people or businesses to avoid tax in their own country and are a serious risks to the income of governments. For example, the Trade Union Congress researchers found that Tax avoidance by wealthy UK residents through tax havens costs UK tax payers at least  £4 billion a year (TUC 2009), while the IMF in 2000 found that assets of $4.6 trillion are passing through the balance sheets of tax havens (Offshore Financial Centers, International Monetary Fund background paper, June 23, 2000). The TUC went on in a later report to criticise the U K government review of tax havens (the Foot review) and declare that The PM and Chancellor have made it clear that they want to outlaw tax havens and the evasion and avoidance they promote. But this progress report suggests that this leisurely review is more focused on helping tax havens through their current financial difficulty than addressing the serious threat they pose to the global economyÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ The Treasury needs to get a grip of this Review and decide whether it is flowing with or against the grain of world opinion which has turned so decisively against tax havens since the G20(Interim report of Foot review of tax havens is deeply disappointing, says TUC, TUC 2009). The fact that tax haven have seriously harmed the ability of governments to collect tax revenues means that in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis the role and future of tax havens has become a central problem in the global economy. This essay will now look at how tax havens ha ve developed. Ronen Palen (1992) identifies tax havens as a means for small countries and states to compete with the developed states of the world economy and has routes through which money can be laundered, with a third of all multinational corporations Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) transactions carried out through tax havens. Palan notes how there are two principal geo-political poles. The first is centred on those areas with close links to the City of London, and the other is centred in Europe and consists of the Benelux countries. For Palan (1992) tax havens are those states that can write/modify its own laws with the aim of making specific offers on the tax/financial aspects to attract/encourage/pave the way for target clients to invest money in the countries. The definition of tax havens is quite general and covers a number of methods that help persons and corporations to avoid tax. At present there are over 70 tax havens in the world; and many of these are weak or small countries (microstates). Hines (Which countries become tax havens, 2006), noted that in general the havens are small countries with a population of less than one million and are using low tax policies as a part of their developmental strategy. Palan (1992) draws a distinction between a Preferential tax regime and a tax haven. For example, the UK and US are two countries considered as tax havens by many countries because they apply a no taxation strategy on some specific sources of income. However, tax havens are not their key strategy, and the policies are limited means of taxation reduction aimed at attracting more foreign capital. The history of tax havens can be traced back to Ancient Greece, but their main role has developed as the industrial revolution and the modern economy has developed. Their main emergence came in the late 19th C to 1930s. Tax havens were established gradually. As Palan (1992) noted, tax havens were born from the three main centres of financi al development of the global economy; the US, UK and Switzerland. In the late of 19th Century, the two large states of the US New Jersey and Delaware, were desperately in need of new funds. Thus, the states established new financial structures to encourage the attraction of finance and issued policies establishing benefits to attract companies such as offshore company status that could be activated in less than a day since its establishment. The aim of the states was to attract companies and funds through low taxation and liberal incorporation laws, which were still rare and restricted in main economic regions of Germany and England. For those reasons, New Jersey had successfully encouraged a number of headquarters/ businesses to switch to the states. Today, New Jersey and Delaware are not seen as the tax havens in the general definition, but are recognised as the birthplace of tax havens. A second creator of tax havens is the British Courts. While the US states were know for the liberal financial laws, the British Courts should be credited with the technique of virtual residencies. By creating the ability of companies to have a financial identity but not actually be situated in the UK, the corporations could avoid paying tax on much of their income (Palan, 1992). In 1929, it formally established the rule that if companied registered in Britain but it doesnt conduct any trading then it wouldnt be claimed against for tax. Thus, companies are encouraged to incorporate in Britain with free taxation. Last but not least, the Swiss bank was a significant factor in the creation of tax havens. The Swiss bank system has been famous for its secrecy. The Bank Act in 1934 demonstrated that it had: absolute silence in respect to a professional secret, and this strengthened the idea that Swiss Banks were a place where companies could deposit funds and finances without tax authorities having access to the financial details of the transactions. Any companies, bus inesses, investors, even secret groups had the right to be protected perfectly from anyone trying to access information. Once they have protection of the Swiss banks, no one, including governments could violate that privacy. The main point of this is that companies and individuals could hide their finances within the Swiss Banking system and prevent tax authorities from gaining the financial information they need to request tax payments on those profits (Palan, 1992). These are seen as the inventors of tax havens. That they were trying to deliberately set up tax havens is in question, but the reality is that the policies they established brought about the financial conditions for tax havens to exist. The development of tax havens from WWI to early 1960s saw them become vital elements in the growth of the global economy. These are some of the countries who considered themselves as the first formal tax havens in the space of 1920s, 1930s. Once tax havens were established and certain states could attract vital funds from the global financial world it was inevitable that others would copy the system and create conditions that competed with existing tax havens (Baker, 2005, Henry, 2003). Liechtenstein- situated between Austria and Switzerland enacted its own Civil Code in 1924 and established new tax conditions that offered favourable benefits to investors and corporations. Luxembourg on 31st July 1929, applied a new law in which holding companies were exempt from income tax. The idea that a state could attract large sums of investment and finances through the manipulation of tax structures in a state was now formally established as a way to profit from the global economy (Palan 1992) From the 1960s to 1990s the global economy saw the heyday of tax havens. New laws of the Bank of England, which were established in 1957, declared that transactions that took place in the UK, even though its holders were not residing in the UK, could be recorded/credite d for tax reductions. Thus, those activities could be considered as offshore transactions and benefit from the tax haven status. Those advantages lead to the development of London as a major financial centre of the world attracting funds from across the globe and later developing its expansion into the Euromarket (Palan, 1992). In 1964, British Banks successfully established a cooperative relationship with three of the Worlds largest Banks City Bank, Chase Manhattan, and the Bank of American. Thus, Britain through the manipulation of the global tax system and the creation of London as a tax haven managed to raise its development to new heights and compete on equal terms with the largest banks in the world (Palan, 1992). It was inevitable that other states would follow the example of the US, Swiss and UK and numerous areas now became tax havens. In the Cayman Islands tax policies encouraging financial actors around the world to base themselves there soon made it the fourth lar gest financial centre in the world. Singapore became the fastest growing private sector in the world and attraction of investment through beneficial tax conditions quickly became a central policy for many states to attract new finances and keep them through increasingly more favourable tax incentives (Baker 2005, Henry, 2003). However, the multitude of new tax havens brought problems as well as benefits to the global economy. For example, in the Norfolk Islands, which was the first Pacific tax haven, the Australian government tried to block its development as it was seen as only benefiting international business and did little for national citizens. Despite the problems by 1990, there were nearly 100 tax havens in the world, both self-defined and internationally recognized and became the main stream of international lending. Almost one third of FDI was routed through Tax havens and recognised as the main route for carrying out international business whilst avoiding the payment of tax. It is undeniable that tax avoidance through tax havens has greatly influenced and modified the way the world economy has developed. It created a new environment that challenged most of the traditional rules. The major economic powers such as the US, UK and France gradually saw their control of the tax havens reduced and, ironically, while they were the largest and most active players in creating tax havens and their expansion, they also found themselves heading the international reaction to control them (Baker 2005, Henry, 2003). By the end of 1990s, it was recognized that tax havens had as many negative impacts on the global economy as they had positive ones. International organisations designed to help develop the global economy, such as the OECD, now declared that tax havens were the centre of a harmful tax competition that threatened the development of free trade and open markets. The European Union and the US now also became centres of influence on the global eco nomy to find ways to control and limit the impact of tax havens. However, how genuine this call for control of tax havens by the US is has to be questioned as the administrations of both Clinton and Bush did little to effectively control their growth. While Bush and Clinton seemed to be against the out of control development of tax havens, Obama in the other hand has some interest in it. At same time there is growing pressure on tax haven issues and the debate on them is deepening and spreading. The G20 summit in London suggests a number of proposals to re write / rebuild/ re structure tax havens regulations (Shah, 2009). It is clear that tax havens have now become a major player in the economic world. They have grown rapidly and there are about 70 formally recognized tax havens in the world. Although OECD is doing its best to re regulate tax havens, there are still many difficulties remaining. The financial crisis last 2008 weakened the big financial centers like UK, Western EU and US. However, the centres in Hong Kong, Singapore and China seemed to still be thriving. Thus, the tension in tax havens debates is likely to continue. In the age of global capital, offshore investment has become a normal way of international business. It helps areas attract a large number of international banks, businesses and investors. On the other hand, it has also attracted harsh criticism, mainly on its ability to protect and encourage those carrying out illegitimate activities, for example such criminal trades as drugs, arms trafficking and terrorism, where the tax havens offer a means to illegally launder money and financially support their activities. However, many would claim that tax havens still bring more benefits to state and society, than negative impacts. Thus, the question here is whether the legitimacy of the offshore investment tax havens should still exist and if yes, what should be its boundaries and limitations (Shah, 2009)? There are many elements of the offshore investment world, from E- commerce (online markets, casinos, etc), to flags of convenience (special offers on those who register their ships with particular countries), Export processing zones, offshore financers and Tax havens. However, the tax haven is a major concern. The offshore economy is known for its systemic lack of rules and regulations, with the advantages of tax reductions and tax avoidance. On the surface the tax havens themselves are important means for businesses and banks to conduct their trade, but it is also clear that their greatest advantages lies in actions that are very dangerously near to criminal claims of money laundering and tax evasion. Tax havens are countries with very clear tax and investment benefits such as little or no income or corporate tax, strong bank secrecy laws, good telecommunication links with global markets and public presentation as a tax haven. In a similar vein, tax havens have constructed their national legislation to clearly give incentives for big business to move from highly taxed countries to the tax havens. For example, Monaco has retained its low taxation environment since the last century to purely attract foreign investment, while small states in Caribbean have used low taxation as the major key to their developmental strategy. However, there are still many different characteristics of tax havens. Most tax havens normally modify their rules and law in order to encourage and attract foreign investors. They concentrate on reducing barriers to new businesses, offering strict privacy in regard to their business conduct and ensuring that the tax haven is both a low tax environment and a place to legally restrict the financial information that outside countries, governments and organizations can request access to. Tax havens also prevent its investors/clients from avoiding double taxation problems and confidently carry out their international business without paying large amounts of tax. Th e Bahamas Investment Authority demonstrated why the tax haven is necessary and legitimate as it declared them a paradise for many reasons: no personal, corporate or income tax, provide easy access to great world markets and are highly secure (Financial times, cited by Ronen) Tax havens are small financial resorts which are basically the booking centers for the huge financial systems in London, Tokyo and New York. They have the ability to write their own laws in relation to tax and financial issues in order to attract investors and large businesses from all over the world. In some views, tax havens are also known as the parking lot or transit lounge for those companies using this kind of service. Critics claim that Tax havens countries demonstrate a complete lack of interest or concern about the nature of companies and investors who register in their territory. Their only concern is the parking fee they receive for their services and it is this lack of concern for the consequen ces of allowing financial actors a free reign to conduct their business in the haven that troubles many people. In addition, the tax havens further harm their reputation by offering the companies who register in territory an unprecedented level of secrecy in both their tax and business matters. This is in itself a situation that now threatens the security of the globe in the age of the war of terrorism where tax havens guarantee terrorism organisations a base from which they can safeguard their financial dealings (ATO talks tough on tax havens. Australasian Business Intelligence | January 6, 2003. Tax havens are the right developmental strategy for the small and weak states. However, it is claimed that the goal of these countries is to draw rent surpluses from the income that otherwise would accrue to larger states(Hampton 1996, cited by Palan) Tax havens are seen as an abuse of rules and codes of sovereignty (Palan 1998) and at the same time encourages tax evasion and money l aundering (Hines and Rice 1994, cited by Palan) Palan argues that: The conditions that gave rise to the commercial use of sovereignty as perfected by tax havens cannot be dismissed either as legitimate responses to an unreasonable sure in taxation and regulation in the post war era. On the contrary, they go to the heart of the continuing process of state formation in a period of intensified capital mobility. Palan (1992) categorized tax havens into four types: Countries who dont charge income tax and only require license fees to foreign businesses. (Bermuda) Countries with low taxation policies (Jersey) Countries who levy tax on internal taxable activities only. (Hong Kong) Countries who provide special tax offer to specific types of businesses (Channel islands) Although the calculation of money through tax havens are various, some assume half of the world stock passes through tax havens, others believe that one fifth of private wealth is invested offshore (Cassard 1994, cited by Palan). One main reason leading to this growth of tax havens is the imposition of increased regulation in industrialized countries. (Financial Stability Forum 2000,11 cited by Palan) Banking, insurance and ship registrations are the most three important factors in offshore business, thus they are also the target subjects of heavy tax regulation. In regard to this situation, many states then offer the low tax or even zero taxation to attract foreign businesses to their countries. The most serious attack against tax havens is the possibility that they undermine democracy. Shah (2009, p.1) notes that companies also pour lots of money into shaping a global system that they will hope to benefit from. If the right balance cant be achieved, not only will attempts to evade taxation and other measures undermine capitalism (which they claim they support) they will also undermine democracy (for even responsible governments may find it hard to meet the needs of their popul ation). Shah continues in explaining that tax is the lifeblood of a countries economy and without it the consequences are extremely dangerous, for example, a government without an efficient revenue system cannot hope to successfully govern the country. Shah explains that developing countries lose $160 billion a year through tax evasion in 2008, which was over three times the figure for 2000, demonstrating a rapidly growing problem. Even these figures are suspect as the core base for this is tax avoidance and being able to calculate actually how much tax is secretly avoided is extremely difficult, so figures are only seen as conservative estimates (Shah, 2009, p.2). Shah points to even more graphic evidence of the damage that tax havens cause as he cites evidence from Christian Aid which says illegal, trade related tax evasion alone will be responsible for some 5.6 millions deaths of young children in the developing world between 2000 and 2015. Half are already dead. Shah (2009, p.3) is clear in his reasons for protesting against tax havens as he finds they: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Secret bank accounts and offshore trusts encourage wealthy individuals and companies to escape paying taxes ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ The ability of transnational corporations to structure their trade and investment flows through paper subsidiaries in tax havens provides them with a significant tax advantage over their nationally based competitors. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Banking secrecy and trust services provided by global financial institutions operating offshore provide a secure cover for laundering the proceeds of political corruption, fraud, embezzlement, illicit arms trading, and the global drug trade. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ The offshore economy has contributed to the rising incidence of financial market instability that can destroy livelihoods in poor countries. Thus, tax havens are purely constructed to allow multinationa l companies, rich individuals, corrupt leaders, criminals and terrorists to keep their wealth away from the prying eyes of national tax authorities. In the words of one tax expert, I have never come across any reason for people to set up an offshore trust [in a tax haven] other than to avoid tax (Shah, 2009. P.4). Basically then, tax havens cannot be justified as legitimate aspects of the global economy. They are based on giving financial actors unfair advantages and in a world moving towards open and free markets they offer many barriers to competitors who play the game and pay all their required taxes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact Of Tax Havens On The Economy Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Outbreak of Natural Philosophy from Religion Essay

The Outbreak of Natural philosophy from Religion Science was not as prominent as it is now before, some people rejected science and all it had to offer for a long time. This was primarily because of the fact that people did not want to change their belief, not only theirs but their previous generations had believed in this also. This religious dogma they had believed in all their life, it was not until about the scientific revolution in the 16th century that science was widely accepted by all. Thales and his students although wrong were the ones who directed speculative thoughts and also started the process that brought physics, chemistry and other sciences. They were part of the first set of philosophers who started to†¦show more content†¦These ideas although they were wrong are what made the human mind break out from its one sided thinking in the belief of a divine body that was the cause of everything that happened in the natural world. The method they adopted was close study through the use of experiments and all other research methods to fully understand a situation. Religion is the belief or faith without reason of a divine body that governs the natural order of the world. In the past it was believed that the divine body was the cause of everything that happened in the natural world, like diseases, natural disasters the rain and every other thing that happened in the world. The two most renowned religions are Christianity and Islam, Christianity was one of the first major religions of the world and at a point it played a major part in the politics of the world. There were a few battles that went on between the Christianity and Islam, these battles were caused by territorial battles, differences in belief and conversion of pagans to a particular religion. Christianity dominated as the major religion for a long time in the past, old rulers used to kill pagans or followers of other religions. The ruling in the past was if a king or the ruler of a c ity were to be a follower of a particular religion all of the people under him had to convert to that religion. The religious ideas of the past were not gotten from the use ofShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke : The Most Influential Philosophical And Political Thinker917 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence his philosophies, and these ideas had much significance in regards to the Enlightenment. Locke was born on August 29, 1632 in Wrington, Somerset (John Locke 9: 478). Early on came the outbreak of the English Civil War. Anglican and possessing Puritan sympathies, Locke’s father fought with the parliamentary forces against the royalist cavaliers. Locke became a factor in the English Restoration after the conflict: a defender of the rights of the people. 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Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesExists The idea of God has been one of the most debatable issues since the dawn of humanity and with it guided as well as deluded most lives in the pursuit for the truth. The impacts springing from the notion of God has from time memorial changed history, inspired more poetry and music including philosophy more than anything else, imagined or real. Peter Kreft once concluded that â€Å"The idea of God is either a fact, like sand, or a fantasy like Santa† (Lawhead, p. 334). Over the cause of time, differentRead MoreThe Great Civilization Of Athens1236 Words   |  5 PagesLucretius’s account was nearly an exact translation of Thucydides’ account, but whereas Thucydides wrote historically and genuinely on his experiences on the plague, Lucretius left certain things out and elaborated on others as he wrote it as part of natural phenomenon and laid out his writing to tell, in a didactic poem, the mental experience of the Athenian people. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Beowulf Journal Entry free essay sample

After reading Beowulf and comparing it to my observations, I have concluded that Beowulf possesses some traits of a small child. Beowulf is characterized as a medieval Geatish warrior willing to take on any challenge in order to make a name for himself and is faster than a sea monster, stronger than a demon, more powerful than a dragon. Even with all of these heroic traits, he still acts like a child in many ways. Throughout the story Beowulf is very possessive and takes a prize from every battle. For example, when he is fighting Grendel’s mother he takes a sword as the prize, from Grendel he takes his arm, and from the dragon he wants to take its treasure â€Å"And this dragon’s treasure, his gold and everything hidden in that tower, will be mine or war will sweep me to a bitter death! †. Because the story of Beowulf was written down (presumably) by a monk, you can tell that God has been inserted forcefully and does not necessarily fit into the story â€Å"Now he discovered-once the afflictor of men, tormenter of their days-what it meant to feud with almighty God: Grendel saw that his strength was deserting him, his claws bound fast, Higlac’s brave follower tearing at his hands. †. Even though Beowulf is read from the point of view of a Christian narrator telling a Pagan tale, insight as to what the characters are thinking and their backgrounds is also given. The setting of the story is around 500 A. D. in Denmark and Geatland (today’s southern Sweden), but the narrator still tells us of events that happened in the past. Beowulf is set in a time of danger and violence ruled by just men. The poem is centered on three major conflicts which are Beowulf’s fight with Grendel, Beowulfs fight with Grendel’s mother and his fight with the dragon which ended up being the death of him. The theme of the story is that Beowulf, having already proven himself a hero and making an identity for himself at home, he wants to do the same abroad to become even more famous. Hearing of Hrothgar’s problem with Grendel and his most famous of mead halls, Beowulf seeing an opportunity to spread his fame and prove his strength to a distant land travels to Herot and boasts to the Hrothgar the king, of his past courageous acts and of his plans to defeat Grendel or be killed trying. When describing the great battles between Beowulf and his adversaries, the narrator tells them with great enthusiasm, but they are also told with a sense of uncertainty as to whether Beowulf will emerge as the victor, â€Å"Then she carried him, armor and sword and all, to her home; he struggled to free his weapon, and failed†. The poem Beowulf is riddled with symbolism as are most ancient works of literature. The banquet in Beowulfs honor before he goes to fight Grendel represents the restoration of order and harmony to the Danish people and the rebirth of the community. The speeches and giving of present and treasures add to the feeling of rebirth. The poem states that Beowulf was praised and glorified by Hrothgar who also gave him advice on how to be king and was said to be the best of kings. Even though this is stated in the poem, based on my observations of his behavior i believe that he would have made a terrible king and possibly even brought about the downfall of his great nation. I believe this because of his inability to put others before his own pride and honor, his constant pushing to do everything alone and his arrogance that he is the best, strongest, most skillful person alive. He further says that he is unbeatable which shows that throughout his whole life he does not outgrow childish behavior and character traits. Women have almost no significant role throughout the entire story of Beowulf. The only woman in the whole story is Wealhtheow, Hrothgar’s wife who recites a speech to Beowulf during the banquet and exhibits her gratitude to Beowulf for helping to restore her husband’s greatest mead-hall on Herot. The epic poem Beowulf is about the greatest of warriors, Beowulf who travels to Denmark to help rid its people of a powerful monster who has taken over a mead-hall and is massacring its people and soldiers and to prove to his allies that he is indeed the greatest of warriors. The contents of the poem are very well written and spectacular however, the title by itself appears meaningless. The Anglo-Saxons payed little attention to minor things like author and title because the purpose of their stories was to entertain people and to immortalize great people and warriors through words. Through reading this story readers can not only be entertained, but also learn about the Anglo-Saxon writing styles, their traditional values such as honor, the meaning of boasting to them, pride and death; and internal conflicts of that time period such as the struggle between Christianity and Paganism . As seen in this story, Beowulf despite his heroism and good will is still partially a child at heart even as an old man. However Beowulf is not the only hero who acts possesses childish traits. As I read other epics and books, I see that most heroes also possess these traits so Beowulf is not exceptional in exhibiting childish behavior and character traits.

Monday, April 13, 2020

The Organizational Study of Levi Strauss Essay Example

The Organizational Study of Levi Strauss Paper Abstract This paper analyzes the organizational structure and design of the world’s largest brand-name apparel marketers, Levi Strauss Company. The concepts of hierarchy, change management, and employee involvement applications will be discussed, along with the organization’s environment and competitive strategies. The premise of this paper is the accomplishment of this organizational mode Levi Strauss for change and the ultimate success of the company’s transformation. Levi Strauss and Company was founded in 1853 and since has become a household name in the trouser industry. They are the world’s largest producer of brand-name clothing and the second largest maker of jeans in the United States. Levi Strauss started the tradition of being an apparel innovator and today, the company still upholds the commitment to offering products that are right for every generation. Levi Strauss mission statement is to seek to reflect the voices of the communities where they have a business presence and make a difference by addressing tough social issues and empowering people to solve their own problems and those of their communities The values of Levi Strauss and Company are the foundation of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on The Organizational Study of Levi Strauss specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Organizational Study of Levi Strauss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Organizational Study of Levi Strauss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is what defines them and sets them apart from the competition, sets the vision for the future, the business strategies and the decisions that are made. The four core values are empathy, originality, integrity, and courage. When they talk of empathy, they are walking in other people’s shoes. Their success comes from listening to what consumers want and meeting their needs of the consumers, retail customers, shareholders and employees. The company’s long-standing traditions of community involvement and employee volunteerism continue today which contribute to their commercial success. Authenticity and innovation is what makes Levi’s an original. The jeans have been worn by generations who incorporated them into their own sense of style. The ethical conduct and social responsibility illustrates the integrity that the company holds for always doing the right thing. The commercial success maintains the company’s beliefs and behaviors which motivates customers trust and loyalty. And lastly, the company has the courage to always stands up for what they believe in, whether it is challenging accepted practices or conventional perception. Their ultimate goal for Levi Strauss is making the company more competitive by implementing a number of business turnaround strategies and by changing the process of how they develop, deliver, and market the products. The organization markets their products under the leading brand names such as Levi’s, Dockers, and Signature. These are the most widely recognized brands in the apparel industry. The company’s organizational level analysis begins with their strategy. The corporate citizenship states a strong belief in the company which can shape society through civic engagement and community involvement, responsible labor and workplace practices, charity, ethical conduct, and environmental awareness. The four core values of the company’s mission statement of empathy, originality, integrity and courage sum up the long-term purpose of the company’s goal Levi Strauss for successful strategy and transformation. Levi Strauss developed and implemented a sourcing program in 1991 that incorporates value in working with stakeholders for improvement of working conditions in factories that produce their products, and a Levi Strauss in the communities where these are located at. They were able to gather valuable information and maximize positive effects by working with other companies and key stakeholders, such as non-governmental organizations, local governments and trade unions. Other memberships and working groups that this organization is a part of are The Business for Social Responsibility, American Apparel and Footwear Association, and The U. S. Council for International Business. Information technology assisted the organization by obtaining a sharper customer focus and helping management make better decisions. Levi Strauss was able to acquire detailed knowledge and understanding of their customer base, which in turn, provided products which brought back interest in the Levi’s brand. With the Information Technology revolution, Levi’s Jeans even designed a jean with a docking station in the pocket to place one’s IPOD. Last year, they a Levi Strauss produced a mobile phone with a range of denim cases to choose from. The ideas of merging fashion and technology came from customer feedback and satisfaction. The Levi Strauss and Company Technology Center has eighty employees and is responsible for the research and development, design, engineering and manufacture of specialized sewing equipment for Levi Strauss plants. In 1999, they purchased MK Manufacturing Software which managed centralized purchasing operations for the United States and Canada factories and to support the manufacturing and inventory of the machines used to make Levi Jeans. In the company’s ransformation and structural change, they have managed to modify the entire process of how they develop, deliver and market their products by making their products more innovative and appealing to customers. They expanded the licensing programs so they can offer more product ranges; and they a Levi Strauss improved the economics of brands for the customers. Lastly, they improved the operational efficiency by implementing new business planning and performance mode Levi Strauss that clarifies roles, responsibilities and accountabilities. The end result was steady sales and profitability for the company. The main focus of the company’s human resource management is conducting activities designed to fit cultural differences and career development of employees. The employees must attend classes that teach the company’s objectives, values and ethics, and a Levi Strauss how to understand the lifestyle and background of people. The company a Levi Strauss expresses concern for the employee’s work and family life by helping them balance their responsibilities. The company’s corporate culture purpose is ethical conduct and a strong commitment to social responsibility. The company developed an Aspiration Statement which specified their commitment to communication and ethical management practices. Those that followed and abided by it received recognition and empowerment. They value the diversity of employee’s backgrounds, experience and knowledge, and welcome the ethnic, cultural, and lifestyles of the communities where the employees live and work. Levi Strauss installed self managed teams which increase performance, improve the quality of the products, and promote originality level Levi Strauss. The organizational system refers to the members in making team decisions, which in turn, increase effectiveness, sense of responsibility and ownership of the work. T. Gary Roger is the Chairman of the Board. John Anderson is the President and CEO. And Hans Ploos van Amstel is the Chief Financial Officer. The organization knows they still have work to be done in order to stay on top and continue to be the most worn line of clothing in the world. Their value-driven competitiveness and major transformations has definitely set the standard in becoming a successful company. The biggest challenge and uncertainty is the massive change in the world, and what customers want. Customers are becoming more demanding and suppliers are abundant. The company is in the process of remaking Levi’s for the 21st century. They set targets for the new design and implementation. They are researching what the organization should look like and what the customers expect. By listening carefully to not only the consumers, by the employees themselves, the work and concepts will be built to everyone’s satisfaction. Levi Strauss: Product Life Cycle Levi Strauss has gone discount. We see this change in distributors such as Wal-mart, Kmart and JCPenny. This is indication that Levi is in the decline stage of the product life cycle. At this point there is a downturn in the market. For example more innovative products are introduced or consumer tastes have changed. There is intense price-cutting and many more products are withdrawn from the market. Profits can be improved by reducing marketing spend and cost cutting. Efficient Vs. Learning Levi Strauss has a Horizontal structure. This dominant structure consists of the following: ? Shared tasks, empowerment ? Relaxed hierarchy, few rules Horizontal, face-to-face communication ? Many teams and task forces ? Decentralized decision making This type of structure as we will further discuss is functional with cross functional team integers is decentralized but lacks stability, efficiency, control and reliability. Intervention Strategy: Levi Strauss Company Change of an organization structure and ability to adapt occurs when three elements are in place simultaneously: (1) dissatisfaction with the present situation, (2) a compelling vision of how the change will create a better future; (3) first steps for reaching the vision. If any of these elements is missing or collectively they are less powerful than the resistance to the change, then change will not take place. Thus the first part of an intervention focuses on creating a common database and the foundation for the dissatisfaction. Following that, the intervention moves to creating a future that is far more desirable than that which caused the dissatisfaction. It ends with participants developing and implementing steps that are necessary for moving the organization and themselves forward. We chose to focus on a large group intervention process facilitated by outside consultant OD practitioners. Reason for this is to dismantle the group think and develop strategic ideas that would be innovative and effective. Desired Outcomes: ?Prepare, Practice and Participant in the change process ? Gain a better understanding of the business, customers, what we sell, and whose needs the products meets ? Levi Strauss vision are effectively communicated ?Renew individual Levi Strauss and organization spirit Begin thinking globally, internally and externally The goal of this intervention is to elicit feedback and input from all members of the organization, develop an effective annual plan based on the proposed long range plan. It should be designed to accommodate full and part-time members and administers to a one-day event which should include over 95 percent participation. This would allow all members to engage in whole system conversations since many employees come from different parts of the system. Implementation of change management activities Perhaps the primary means to directly implement change is for the leaders to forcefully create a sense of urgency. Many organization fail at change management because of lack of communication, failure to define objectives, project management problems, technical issue and inexperience in scope and complexity. Levi has emphasized quality, being socially responsible, and hiring the most talented people the firm can recruit. The value of each individual, the effective leadership of work groups and the success of enterprise has been the emphasis at Levi Strauss since founded. However like any other organizations, Levi has had its problems. Being slow to adopt to new fashion trends, Levi is struggling with generation gap problem. In 2003, Levi closed it last U. S plant and decided to focus on manufacturing outside because of the cheaper cost of labor (www. levistrauss. com). Levi has attempted to attract 14-17 year olds without turning off older people and as Levi plotted along fashion shifts occurred and passed Levi. As result many young people will not wear Levi and many hardly know about the brand at all. These are problems that create uncertainty in the organization leading management to rethinks it position and develop new strategy to remain competitive. We decided to have an effective change management strategy Levi could implement an Open Space intervention. Open space is a large-group process that helps participants focus energy on issues or opportunities of interest, and collectively design appropriate courses of action. Although it works with as few as 8 participants, Open Space is considered a large-group intervention because it works equally well with hundreds of participants. This simple, but very powerful framework creates the right conditions for Levi Strauss management team and provides a dynamic process of discussion and cooperation. Every single participant who contributes with his knowledge and experience influences the end result. Because participants in an Open Space Conference all participate actively, and talk to others regardless of function or background, creates a high level of employee involvement, commitment among participants and much networking across boundaries, usually resulting in a much deeper understanding of the issues as stake well as new ideas about the way forward. Levi Strauss Competitive Strategy-Using Michael Porter’s Five Forces A competitive assessment consists of an analysis using Porter’s Five Forces of Competition. The Five Forces of competition shape every industry and every market. The Five Forces Model is based on microeconomics, and is an extension of the SWOT analysis. This model is an important tool for analyzing organizations’ industry structure and strategy. Michael E. Porter identified five competitive forces that determine the intensity of competition and the attractiveness of any industry. Porter’s model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet the opportunities and threats in an organizations external environment. The model accounts for supply and demand, complementary products and substitutes, volume and cost production, and market structure. We will analyze the industry using Porter’s model. The five forces of competition are illustrated below: Threat of New Entrants Competitive Rivalry Between Existing Players Bargaining Power of Customers Threat of Substitutes Bargaining Power of Suppliers The collective strength of these five forces determines the ability of a firm to gain market share in the apparel industry. Once an analysis has been conducted, managers can search for options to influence these forces in the interest of the organization. In the apparel industry, an organizations’ main objective is to reduce competitive forces. In detail, the five forces are illustrated in the following paragraphs (www. valuebasedmanagement. net). New Entrants Porters indicates new entrants pose a threat due to increases level capacity afforded. For example, suppliers could drive prices down and cut into profits. We have noticed this with Levi’s joint ventures with Wal-mart and JcPenny. More importantly the chance of new comers entering to market depends upon two variables, the barriers to entry and probability. The barriers for apparel industry includes economies of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements, switching costs, accessibility of distribution channels and competing firms which includes learning curves and location. Rivalry The intensity of rivalry among existing competitors depends upon the level of saturation within the industry. For example, for one organization to gain market share they must take it from a competitors, the level of rivalry that exist is high, often resulting in retaliation and price wars. Rivalry may stem from a variety of source which has numerous and equally balanced competitors, slow industry growth, high fixed or storage costs and overproduction and high exit barriers. Bargaining Power of the Customer Historically, the bargaining power of apparel retailers went unchallenged. Fortunately, globalization of the free world and the increased availability of foreign products have increased the bargaining power of the customer. In the appeal industry, consumer markets and foreign competition forces prices down. Thus, the bargaining power of consumer market determines how much pressure it can impose on margins and volumes. Customers a Levi Strauss possess a credible backward integration threat resulting in the purchase from a rival/foreign company. However, due to worldwide economic strain it’s becoming more difficult for Levi to maintain its selling power and to remain economically diverse overall, customers do not have much buying power, as they never purchase in large volume. Here are some ways Levi Strauss can reduce the bargaining power of customers: ? Partnering ?Supply chain management ?Increase loyalty ?Increase incentives and value ?Move purchase decision away from price Threat of Substitutes The treat substitute of competition occurs if multiple products are found to perform the same function. Levi must recognize the customer is no longer bound to one product or rely of customer loyalty. They must consider price, availability and quality to avoid loss of market share. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Materials, production, operation cost and capital are necessary for any production process. For example, suppliers comprise all sources for inputs that are needed in order to provide goods or services. Levi Strauss buyer/supplier relationship is crucial to attain growth in the apparel/retail market. Normally, the strength of a supplier affects an industry’s profitability, and they can exert a major influence on a firm’s goods and services. However, the suppliers bargaining power in the apparel industry is very low. The apparel retail supply business is quite fragmented. Many suppliers relies one or two distributors to buy a majority of their products. If decided to switch suppliers, it would be devastating to the previous supplier’s business. As a result, suppliers are extremely susceptible to the demands and requirements of the apparel manufacture. SWOT Analysis This was a SWOT provided for Levis Strauss acquired off the web and was most useful. Levi Strauss as the conclusion we thought SWOT was the best way to conclude with the Competitive assessment of Levi Strauss Company. The analysis will present Levi Strauss’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strength Strong Brand Image Good Distribution Market Leader in Western Europe Good market position and partnership Efficient human resource management Weaknesses Quality Retail sales network is too big and inefficient Niche demand Multi-brand strategy and full range market presence is cost-intensive Opportunities Better acceptance of Levi Strauss Brand The strong market position in China is a guarantee for prosperous future Partnership with Mal-mart Threats Lower Priced Asian apparel The stock price evaluations, unattractiveness of the old economy Decline Stage of life cycle Competitive Strategy Critique First, environmental uncertainty means that managers do not have sufficient information about environmental factors to understand and predict environmental needs and changes. (Environment here refers to more than the physical environment, such as pollution or hurricanes. It a Levi Strauss involves the economic, sociocultural, technological, legal phenomenon that affects the operation of the business (www. soi. org). Companies have to make an effort to adapt to the rapid changes in the environment. The environment creates uncertainty for managers, who must respond by designing the organization to respond to adapt to the environment. Managers use several strategies to counter environmental uncertainty. They may use boundary spanners to link and coordinate the organization with key elements in the environment. Boundary spanners detect and process information about changes in the environment, and then they represent the organizations interest to the environment. They help to synchronize the activities of the organization to therapid changes in the environment. Some of their roles include scanning the technological horizon to detect any changes, sourcing information on competitors and getting feedback from suppliers and customers. Another strategy is the use of interorganizational partnerships where separate businesses make a collaborative approach to riding the wave of changes that stem from environmental uncertainty. Instead of going in all out competition, businesses now form alliances, sharing information through networks to ensure that they all have more information about the environment than if they had collected info on their own we see this with Levi’s positioning in Wal-Mart stores. Structural Form of Levi Strauss Company Levis Strauss led the way of flatter hierarchies, cultural diversity, empowerment, quality and globalization. Levis chosen structural form of nonhierarchical organizations have many advantages over their competitives that use conventional methods. For example, experience and expertise are often shared; creativity and new ideas are fostered, tested and discussed. These organizations are more cohesive and collaborate; empowerment is a key feature; and it can be highly supportive of multiple stakeholders in global environments. However, the chosen structure is more likely to have higher Group think’. Groupthink is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas. During groupthink, members of the group avoid promoting viewpoints outside the comfort zone of consensus thinking or the herd mentality can prevail; implementing decisions can be difficult since flatter organizations serve multiple constituencies and stakeholders; and many flatter organizations are team-based organizations, often geographically dispersed and electronically networked. Levi Strauss: Diagnosing the organization’s culture Culture is perhaps the most important characteristics in an organization. The first step in cultural analysis is describing the culture of the organization. Levi Strauss Company is often describing as being parentalistics. The framework is considered Clan culture, for example the figure below provides the framework matrix of four type’s cultures of which we based our analogy. Flexibility and Discretion ClanAdhocrachy Internal Focus and IntegrationExternal Focus and Differentiation HierarchyMarket Stability and Control The Hierarchy Culture key values center on maintaining efficient, reliable, fast, smooth-flowing production, for example many fast food organization fall within the section. The Market Culture core values are competitiveness and productivity. We see Market Cultures generally in manufacturing companies such as general electric. The Adhocracy Culture is temporary characterized by a dynamic, entrepreneurial and creative workplace. For example military, NASA would be considered part of this section. Levi Strauss currently has a Clan Culture. The Clan Culture is like an extended family where shared values and goals, cohesion, participation, individuality, and a sense of togetherness exist within the Levi Strauss organization. The primary strategic implication of a culture should be a source of competitive advantage to the organization (www. coachingandmentoring. com). Critique: Levi Strauss Organization Environment Adaption The rapidity and volume of changes have resulted in less lead time for management to analyze changes in their organizations external environment and to formulate appropriate strategies. In addition, the risks and uncertainty involved in implementing a particular strategy or set of strategies have intensified. In summary, the turbulence in the apparel industry from the change in customers taste and the circumstances that lead to external environment challenges has an effect on the decision makers and how they effectively anticipate changing conditions. Recommendations It is recommended that employees be made aware of the competitive position of the industry in relation to its competitors; competitive related information must be fed to all staff regularly. Management and employees need to be sensitive to customer needs, trends and what the competition is doing. This should create a sense of discomfort within the organization and make members of the organization aware that things always change and that there is always rivalry in the apparel industry competing for customers. Senior management need to reduce the levels of complacency by continually speaking of changes in the industry and that the absence of a visible crisis should not create comfort in the minds of employees. The leadership of Levi Strauss needs to inspire employees, acting with honesty and integrity. It is recommended that a planned and coordinated change management intervention be developed to focus on strategic change. Middle management needs to also be involved in these initiatives with trust existing between all levels of management, which is visibly noticed by all employees. It is strongly recommended that the organization formulate a vision for the change process during the planning phase. Employees need to understand what the business look and feel like after the change process. It is recommended that management formulate and communicate the master plan for the business. A specific vision and mission needs to be created and communicated. The gap between the current state and future state needs to be highlighted. It is recommended that any future communications relating to the alignment project include the vision for the change and the strategic significance. Communications should enhance the driving forces for change and reduce all retraining forces. Senior management needs to review their communications plan and strategies and need to measure the effectiveness. The communications plan needs to include the context of the change taking place. Future change interventions need to be honest, open and take into account the audience by being simple and straightforward. Communications need to be frequent and need to motivate more employees to participate in the process by creating enthusiasm. Reference: Cameron, K (2007) Diagnosing and Changing Organization Culture, Retrieved June 5, 2008, www. coachingandmentoring. com Lima Tony, (2006), Five Forces Model Porter, Retrieved June 2008, www. valuebasedmanagement. net/methods_porter_five_forces. html N. A, Levi Strauss Company Fact Sheet, Retrieved June 2, 2008, www. valuebasedmanagement. net/Downloads/CompanyFactSheet. pdf

Wednesday, March 11, 2020

Free Essays on Oedipus Tyrannos

â€Å"Oedipus Tyrannos†: Responsibility, but Not Guilt â€Å"Oedipus Tyrannos†, the classic Greek Tragedy written by Sophocles, possesses all the ingredients necessary for a good tragedy, including a tragic flaw in the main character. The story of Oedipus is captivating indeed, but it has been debated as to whether or not Oedipus actually has an error in judgment, or is he just a victim of fate who could not avoid the tragic end that the gods had in store for him. Oedipus plays a part in fulfilling the oracle by making certain choices along the way. He is not, however one looks at it, guilty of any wicked or heinous crimes that deserve such harsh punishment by the gods. Aristotle chooses to use Oedipus as an example of the perfect tragedy in his writing Poetics. It has been questioned whether or not Aristotle manipulated Oedipus to fit his mold, or does Oedipus truly meet every demand made for a good tragedy. Aristotle outlines the requirements of a good tragedy in Poetics. First, the tragedy must be an imitation of life in the form of a serious story. It must be realistic and narrow in its focus. The purpose of a tragedy is to evoke a sense of fear and pity from viewers. Experiencing these emotions will leave a viewer with a feeling of catharsis. Archer 2 The word catharsis is Greek for â€Å"purging† or †purification†. The effect is similar to that of a â€Å"good cry†. Aristotle also outlined the requirements for a good tragic hero. He must, first of all, be a great man. He must be superior in some way to the average man. At the same time, he must be able to evoke fear and pity from the viewers. The best way to achieve this, according to Aristotle, is if the hero is imperfect. The hero suffers because of his hamartia. Hamartia is a Greek word that is often translated as â€Å"tragic flaw† but actually means â€Å"error in judgment.† The question of the guilt of Oedipus has been much discussed over th... Free Essays on Oedipus Tyrannos Free Essays on Oedipus Tyrannos â€Å"Oedipus Tyrannos†: Responsibility, but Not Guilt â€Å"Oedipus Tyrannos†, the classic Greek Tragedy written by Sophocles, possesses all the ingredients necessary for a good tragedy, including a tragic flaw in the main character. The story of Oedipus is captivating indeed, but it has been debated as to whether or not Oedipus actually has an error in judgment, or is he just a victim of fate who could not avoid the tragic end that the gods had in store for him. Oedipus plays a part in fulfilling the oracle by making certain choices along the way. He is not, however one looks at it, guilty of any wicked or heinous crimes that deserve such harsh punishment by the gods. Aristotle chooses to use Oedipus as an example of the perfect tragedy in his writing Poetics. It has been questioned whether or not Aristotle manipulated Oedipus to fit his mold, or does Oedipus truly meet every demand made for a good tragedy. Aristotle outlines the requirements of a good tragedy in Poetics. First, the tragedy must be an imitation of life in the form of a serious story. It must be realistic and narrow in its focus. The purpose of a tragedy is to evoke a sense of fear and pity from viewers. Experiencing these emotions will leave a viewer with a feeling of catharsis. Archer 2 The word catharsis is Greek for â€Å"purging† or †purification†. The effect is similar to that of a â€Å"good cry†. Aristotle also outlined the requirements for a good tragic hero. He must, first of all, be a great man. He must be superior in some way to the average man. At the same time, he must be able to evoke fear and pity from the viewers. The best way to achieve this, according to Aristotle, is if the hero is imperfect. The hero suffers because of his hamartia. Hamartia is a Greek word that is often translated as â€Å"tragic flaw† but actually means â€Å"error in judgment.† The question of the guilt of Oedipus has been much discussed over th...

Monday, February 24, 2020

Stepfamilies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Stepfamilies - Essay Example Wilkes and Fromme (2002) investigated the stability over time of themes in the experiences of biological parents, stepparents, and adolescents in stepfamilies. Twelve adolescents, ten stepparents, and nine biological parents from ten stepfamilies that participated, completed follow-up questionnaires that sought to determine if the themes found in the earlier study were still present in their stepfamilies four years later. The results indicated areas that remained stable over time and areas of positive change and adjustment. The results also suggested the need for further research about the specific factors that shape adjustment to stepfamilies. The initial study consisted of 37 participants from 12 families. Of those 37 participants involved in the initial study, 31 completed follow-up questionnaires. Of the 12 families involved in the follow-up study, the adolescents consisted of six females and six males. All of the adolescents were Caucasian. The average age was 16.6 years. All of the children were the biological child of one of the parents living in the home. Four were from stepfather families, two were from stepmother families and six were from blended families. Of the stepparents involved in the present study, there was one Hispanic stepfather and the rest were Caucasian, three of the stepparents had never been married before, and six of the stepparents were male and four were female, with an average age of 41.2 years. Among the biological parents, four were female and five were male. All of the biological parents were Caucasian, with an average age of 43.6 years. Prior to the current marriages, eight of the biological parents had been married in the past. Assessment procedures included three questionnaires: one for the adolescents, one for the stepparents, and one for the biological parents, plus second versions with modifications made to render the wording appropriate for members of the stepfamilies that had been separated. The statements related to the core themes identified in the initial study. The questionnaires in Wilkes and Fromme's (2002) follow-up study asked each participant to rate their level of agreement with 32 to 34 statements on a five-point Likert scale. Based on the ratings participants gave to statements, averages were calculated to determine the level of agreement or disagreement with each statement. One of the major overarching themes found in the initial and follow-up studies was that adolescents were continuing to find ways to cope with the losses in the stepfamily formation process. These losses included undergoing changes in relationships, adapting to different family traditions, experiencing less power in the stepfamily, and having a sense that their family had changed very quickly. 'Therapists' perceptions of bioparent-child relationships in stepfamilies: What hurts What helps'- Cartwright, C. (2003). Stepfamily relationship research has focused on step relationships with particular emphasis on stepparent-stepchild relationships, despite increasing evidence that residential bioparent-child relationships can be negatively impacted through remarriage and stepfamily living. In a project by Cartwright (2003), nine stepfamily therapists were

Saturday, February 8, 2020

Week 5 discussion questions and participation Essay

Week 5 discussion questions and participation - Essay Example The direct method ignores any other service departments when allocating service cost to production departments. The step down method is different because it recognizes that in some service departments support the activities in other service departments as well as the producing department. The direct method is simpler for accountants to calculate the costs since there are less variables involved. The step down method uses a sequence of service department allocation to arrive at the different costs. In the business world accountants prepare information differently depending on the purpose. Managerial accounting focuses on providing information for internal purposes. Financial accounting on the other hand focuses in making reports for external users of information. Variable costing system monitors changes in costs that occurred on a daily basis. This helps managers in their day to day decision making process. Data and information that is presented to outside users must summarize the results of a period of time. External users are not concerned about the day to day operations of the enterprise. Cost distortions are a potential problem that can lead to many obstacles for a manager. If the costing system is not accurate the managers will make erroneous assumptions that can lead to business errors. For example imagine if a company had a costing system that stated that each unit cost $2.00 to produce. The costing system was distorted and the real cost of the product is $3.05. The made a decision to sell the product at $3.00 which a price that is 50% above cost based on the inaccurate costing system. The manager would lose $0.05 on every sale instead of making a $1.00 profit. If the company is able to develop a costing system that provides a lot of detail the decision seems like a good idea. The manager of that company has to determine if the benefits of maintaining the system outweigh the costs of

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Self Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay Example for Free

Self Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay â€Å"What I must do is all that concerns me, not what people think† (Emerson lines 30-31). Ralph Waldo Emerson was the transcendentalist leader in the 1830s which influenced his beliefs in his essay. He uses examples to compose the conclusion that people should follow their own instincts and be an individual. Emerson’s ideas on individualism and self trust in â€Å"Self- Reliance,† were influenced by religion and the rise of transcendentalism. Emerson was influenced by beliefs of different religions during the time of the 1830s. In his essay, Emerson states, â€Å"†¦if I am the Devil’s child, I will live then from the Devil† (Emerson line 26). Basically, he is saying that no matter what his values are, even if they are bad, he will not change them because that is who he is. Everyone should trust their own beliefs because that is what makes them the individual that they are. Emerson’s writing was influenced by religion, by not only believing in Gods views, but by believing in your own. Emerson himself writes â€Å"What have I to do with the sacredness of traditions, if I live wholly from within?† (Emerson lines 22-23). He is insisting that he doesn’t need God to know his own beliefs. If your religious views are different than other individuals, you should stay that way because that’s who you are. You should follow your innermost beliefs and not change just because others think differently than you do. Emerson believes that you don’t have to follow any religious traditions because you have your own customs within, which is being an individual. Ralph Waldo Emerson was influenced by transcendentalism, because at the time he led this movement. As the prominent writer Emerson puts it, â€Å"It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps within perfect sweetness the independence of solitude†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Emerson lines 35-38). In making this comment, Emerson argues that even when other people around you speak their thoughts, the thought of independence should be a constant. You cannot completely isolate yourself, but one should maintain ones own sense of independence while being immersed in a social setting. Individuals must find a balance between being dependent on others in a social sense, while maintaining their own sense of independence from the opinions of others. According to Emerson, â€Å"Whose would be a man, must be a  conformist† (Emerson line 15). In other words, he believes that if you only do what others do, you are not being who you’re supposed to be; you are being who others have determined you to be. Everyone should trust their own beliefs and not everyone else’s. This influences the theme by not conforming to society and the effects that they have upon individuals. Emerson’s ideas on individualism and self trust in â€Å"Self- Reliance,† were influenced by religion and the rise of transcendentalism. The transcendentalist leader, Ralph Waldo Emerson believed in the importance of individualism and to follow your own instincts. He shows the importance of being yourself and not conforming to society nor their beliefs. Everyone should be who you are and not change because of the different beliefs around you. Everyone is different and unique in their own way and that’s what makes us individuals.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

Gay and Lesbian Issues - Gender Identity in Gumbys Adventures :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Gay and Lesbian Issues - Gender Identity in Gumby's Adventures When Jerry Falwell's conservative paper "outted" Tinky-Winky (the purple Teletubby) as being gay, fans of the Teletubbies television series usually fell into two camps: those who supported Tinky-Winky as a positive gay character and those who maintain Tinky-Winky has no developed sexual identity. A few unfamiliar with the BBC/PBS show asked the question, "how can you even tell if Tinky-Winky's male?" Brushed off by most fans as a naive inquiry, this concern does merit discussion. How do we, as television viewers, determine gender identities for non-human characters? How is this complicated for children's characters? Sometimes obvious cues are given to viewers. For instance, Mickey and Minnie Mouse are undeniably male and female. Due to current moral standards (at the time of Mickey's and Minnie's creation, but also now), genitalia is not graphically displayed in children's programming. Of course, genitalia is only an indicator of physical identity, which may be different from the gender identity an individual accepts. Instead of physical clues, we look for other signs of masculinity and feminity. Mickey is usually a man's name, although that is not always the case. Minnie is almost always a female's name. Minnie wears a dress, thus presenting herself as female. Minnie's high-pitched voice (higher than Mickey's) also forces viewers to accept her as female. The actions of Minnie are keeping with those of traditional females. It is not "Steamboat Minnie." Minnie does not break any stereotypes. Mickey controls most of the action, receives most of the press, and is the most famous of all Disney chara cters. It is Mickey's show; Minnie's just along for the occasional cameo. But what happens when clothes are no longer an issue? None of the Teletubbies regularly wear clothes; neither do the characters of Gumby's Adventures. Yet ask any child familiar with the characters and they'll like answer that Gumby and Pokey are boys. How can they tell? How do they determine those assignments? Defining Goo Goo, from Gumby's Adventures, is Gumby's closest female friend (non-family member). Her blue body is shaped like a cross between a seal and a raindrop. Long blond hair (made of yarn) signals to most people that Goo is female; her high-pitched voice and long eyelashes usually cement the decision. While a few physical indicators exist, it is the way Goo is treated by the boys around her that truly identity her as girl and thus Other.